Tendinite do manguito rotador é uma lesão nos tendões que fazem parte de um grupo de quatro músculos ( supraespinal, infraespinal, subescapular e redondo menor) localizados no ombro, cuja função é estabilizar a cabeça do úmero na cavidade glenóide. O manguito rotador é aquele grupo muscular que ´permite realizar movimentos como, por exemplo, carregar uma sacola de compras afastada da lateral do corpo, pentear os cabelos da região posterior da cabeça; pegar algo no bolso de trás da calça.
É importante observar os sintomas para iniciar o tratamento e evitar complicações. Geralmente, a inflamação melhora com a fisioterapia e/ou acupuntura.
A seguir, saiba mais sobre os sintomas e como tratar este tipo de lesão.
Quais são os sintomas da tendinite do manguito rotador?
Entre os principais sintomas desse tipo de tendinite podemos destacar:
– Dor intensa localizada no ombro, principalmente, durante à noite
– Dor para levantar o braço acima da cabeça
– Limitação e dificuldade para realizar os movimentos
– Dificuldade para dormir sobre o ombro afetado
– Perda de força e mobilidade no ombro
– Evita determinadas atividades devido a dor
– Em alguns casos pode haver inchaço local e presença de calor
Ao sentir qualquer um destes sintomas, é importante realizar exames clínicos para saber a gravidade da lesão.
Quais são as características desta lesão?
A tendinite de ombro ocorre quando há uma degeneração no tendão do músculo do manguito rotador que são responsáveis por exemplo, pelos movimentos de erguer, de realizar rotação do braço. É uma inflamação no tendão destes músculos que pode ter diferentes características de acordo com a lesão. Em pessoas mais jovens, por exemplo, é comum que ela ocorra de forma aguda, ou seja, com dor localizada que diminui com o repouso.
Além do tipo agudo existe a tendinite crônica, na qual a dor vai e vem, mas não cessa por completo. Caso não seja tratada, pode haver compensação postural e em alguns casos pode ocorrer até o rompimento do tendão do manguito rotador.
Como se desenvolve a tendinite do manguito rotador?
A lesão do manguito rotador é uma doença de diferentes causas. Ela é causada pela irritação e inflamação destes tendões. Pode ocorrer pelo uso excessivo do ombro, atividades repetitivas, trabalho que exigem grande esforço físico ou até mesmo por posturas mantidas por longo período de tempo como o uso de celulares, tablet, computadores etc. E pode ocorrer, também, em praticantes de esportes como por exemplo: esportes de arremesso, o tênis, a natação entre outros. Algumas profissões como: professor, pintor, carpinteiro entram na lista de fatores de risco.
A tendinite também pode aparecer por conta de má postura durante o dia ou durante o sono. Por isso, é muito importante corrigir o alinhamento da coluna sempre que for observado o desvio postural.
Como é feito o tratamento?
Uma das formas de tratar a tendinite do manguito rotador é por meio da fisioterapia ortopédica. Apenas, em casos mais extremos a cirurgia pode ser recomendada. No entanto, quanto antes for identificada a lesão, mais chances ela tem de ser tratada por meios menos invasivos. A fisioterapia ajuda a recuperar os músculos lesionados por meio de técnicas específicas como analgesia e anti-inflamatória (Laser, Ultrassom, TENS, Corrente combinada, Ondas Curtas, Infra- vermelho, crioterapia entre outros), terapia manual, exercícios de alongamentos, exercícios de fortalecimento muscular, kinesiotape, treino do movimento gestual, exercícios proprioceptivos e orientações posturais. Com isso, o paciente pode voltar a realizar movimentos com os braços sem dor. Os exercícios devem ser específicos e orientados por um profissional.
A acupuntura também pode ser uma aliada para alívio da dor no ombro, e pode ser realizada 1 vez por semana. Esse tipo de tratamento é um bom complemento e pode trazer alívio dos sintomas, mas não exclui a necessidade de tratamento clínico e fisioterapêutico, porque eles se complementam.
O pilates também é bastante recomendado, somente, após a fase aguda, pois ajuda corrigir os desvios posturais que levam à tendinite. A fisioterapia, a acupuntura e o pilates também podem ser úteis para evitar o surgimento da lesão. Isso é válido especialmente para grupos de risco. É o caso de praticantes de atividades físicas, profissionais que fazem movimentos repetitivos e idosos.
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